Peace piecemeal
The news from Bosnia makes sustainable peace seem impossibly remote, more remote than it actually is. The images are, indeed, bleak. In summer 2000 we saw pictures of busloads of Muslim Bosniac women seeking justice for the massacre of their husbands and sons that took place at Srebenica five years ago and we saw the hostile reception they received from the current Serb residents of Srebenica when the women returned for their ceremony of remembrance. What we tend to overlook is that there is another Bosnia where peace is being built, village by village, despite the many acts ofnot-so-ancient hatred. Those village islands of peace can be replicated.
Bosnia Five Years After Dayton
In November 1995, the Dayton Peace Agreement (DPA) ended a three-cornered civil war that had ravaged Bosnia & Herzegovina (BiH) since April 1992. It was hoped at the time that the end of hostilities would presage the reconstruction of BiH as a united, multiethnic and economically viable state of all its citizens and all three of its constituent peoples- Muslims, Serbs and Croats.
THE USAGE OF PROXY MILITIAS IN THE HORN OF AFRICA AND THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO
This study of insurgency groups and the counter insurgency measures used in the DRC, Ethiopia and the Sudan reveals the uniqueness of the relationships that exists between the marginalized groups and the governing powers of each nation state. The populations of the Sudan, Ethiopia and the Democratic Republic of Congo will continue to be afflicted by war because of the usage of proxy militias that only serve to intensify pre-existing problems. In the marginalized regions of these countries there must be a serious effort to stop the usage of proxy militias to quell unrest in ungoverned regions and more emphasis should be placed on strengthening state and local institutions so that political legitimacy can be established...
The last reserves of the imagined Great Power. On the significance of the Balkans for Russian political and economic actors.
The Balkan policies of the Russian Federation in the 1990s can be viewed as a prism for Russian foreign policy in general. Due to the seemingly similar disintegration processes in Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union, a growing number of Russian actors used the wars in the Balkans as a way of raising their profile in domestic politics.